Instructions
مروي عن الأئمة المعصومين عليهم السلام في كتب الأدعية والزيارات المعتبرة.
Virtues, description, and recitation method of MANNERS OF AQIQAH as recorded in Shia traditions.
Fadhila, maelezo, na njia ya usomaji wa ADABU ZA AQIQAH kama ilivyopokelewa katika mapokezi ya Shia.
MANNERS OF AQIQAH
ADABU ZA AQIQAH
In his book entitled al-Hilyah, 'Allamah (i.e. well-versed
Katika kitabu chake kiitwacho al-Hilyah, 'Allamah (yaani mjuzi
scholar) al-Majlisi says: Oblation for newborns is a confirmed
mwanachuoni) al-Majlisi anasema: Kutowa sadaka kwa watoto wachanga ni jambo lililothibitishwa
Prophetic tradition, yet for those who are solvent enough to
Mila ya kinabii, bado kwa wale ambao ni kutengenezea kutosha
slaughter an animal. However, some scholars have deemed
kuchinja mnyama. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya wasomi wameona
it obligatory. It is more preferable to slaughter the oblatory
ni wajibu. Ni vyema zaidi kuchinja oblatory
animal on the seventh day of the newborn's birth. For fathers,
mnyama katika siku ya saba ya kuzaliwa kwa mtoto mchanga. Kwa baba,
it is a confirmed and highly recommended act. If fathers
ni kitendo kilichothibitishwa na kinachopendekezwa sana. Ikiwa baba
abandon offering such oblation until the newborn attains
acha kutoa sadaka hiyo hadi mtoto mchanga apate
maturity, then this act becomes recommended to the mature
ukomavu, basi kitendo hiki huwa kinapendekezwa kwa watu waliokomaa
boy as long as he is alive.
kijana maadamu yuko hai.
According to many traditions, slaughtering an animal as
Kulingana na mila nyingi, kuchinja mnyama kama
oblation for the newborn is obligatory on their fathers. Other
sadaka kwa ajili ya watoto wachanga ni wajibu kwa baba zao. Nyingine
traditions maintain that each newborn is subject to oblation;
mila inasisitiza kwamba kila mtoto mchanga anapaswa kutolewa;
if no oblation is offered for him, he may be exposed to
ikiwa hakuna sadaka inayotolewa kwa ajili yake, anaweza kufichuliwa
various ordeals, including death.
mateso mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na kifo.
Imam al-Sadiq ('a) is reported to have said, "Oblation for the
Imepokewa kwamba Imamu Sadiq (a.s.) alisema, "Sadaka kwa ajili ya
newborn is required by the solvent fathers. As for the
mtoto mchanga anahitajika na baba za kutengenezea. Kama kwa
insolvent fathers, they must offer an oblation for their
akina baba wafilisi, ni lazima watoe matoleo kwa ajili yao
newborns once they can. However, if they cannot afford
watoto wachanga mara tu wanaweza. Walakini, ikiwa hawawezi kumudu
oblation, they are then exempted. If a father has neglected to
sadaka, basi ni misamaha. Ikiwa baba amepuuza
offer an animal as an oblation for his newborn, but he then
kutoa mnyama kama sadaka kwa ajili ya mtoto wake mchanga, lakini yeye basi
offered an animal as sacrifice in the season of the ritual hajj,
akatoa mnyama kama dhabihu katika msimu wa ibada ya Hajj,
this offering will be acceptable as compensatory for the
toleo hili litakubalika kama fidia kwa
oblation."
sadaka."
According to another tradition, lmam al-Sadiq ('a) was asked
Kwa mujibu wa hadithi nyingine, lmam al-Sadiq ('a) aliulizwa
if it is acceptable to offer an oblation for the newborn who
ikiwa inakubalika kutoa sadaka kwa ajili ya mtoto mchanga ambaye
dies on the seventh day of his age, the lmam ('a) answered,
Atakufa katika siku ya saba ya umri wake, lmam (a.s.) akajibu:
"If the newborn dies before the midday (zohr) of the seventh
"Ikiwa mtoto mchanga atakufa kabla ya adhuhuri ya tarehe saba
day of his age, no oblation is required for him; but if he dies
siku ya umri wake, hakuna sadaka inayohitajika kwa ajili yake; lakini akifa
after that, then it is required to offer an oblation for him."
baada ya hayo, ndipo inatakiwa kumtolea sadaka."
According to another considerably reported tradition, 'Umar
Kwa mujibu wa hadithi nyingine iliyoripotiwa sana, Umar
ibn Yazid once said to Imam al-Sadiq ('a), "In fact, l do not
Ibn Yazid siku moja alimwambia Imam al-Sadiq ('a), "Kwa kweli, sijui
know whether my father did offer as an oblation for me or
mjue kama baba yangu alinitolea kuwa sadaka au
not." The Imam ('a) ordered him to offer an animal as an
sivyo." Imam (a.s.) alimuamuru kutoa mnyama kama mnyama
oblation for him. So, 'Umar did while he was old.
sadaka kwa ajili yake. Hivyo, Umar alifanya akiwa mzee.
According to another acceptably reported tradition, Imam al-
Kwa mujibu wa hadithi nyingine inayokubalika, Imam al-.
Sadiq ('a) has said, "On the seventh day of the age of a male
Sadiq (a.s.) amesema: "Katika siku ya saba ya umri wa mwanamume
newborn, it is advised to give him a name, to offer an
mtoto mchanga, inashauriwa kumpa jina, kutoa
oblation for him, to shave the hair of his head, and to give as
sadaka kwa ajili yake, kunyoa nywele za kichwa chake, na kutoa kama
alms silver in the same weight of the newborn's shaved hair.
zawadi za fedha kwa uzito sawa wa nywele zilizonyolewa za mtoto aliyezaliwa.
The leg and thigh of the slaughtered animal that was offered
Mguu na paja la mnyama aliyechinjwa aliyetolewa
as an oblation for the newborn should be gifted to the
kama dhabihu kwa ajili ya mtoto mchanga inapaswa kutolewa kwa ajili ya
midwife who has helped his mother give birth to him. The
mkunga ambaye amemsaidia mama yake kumzaa. The
rest of the meat of the animal should be served as food for
nyama iliyobaki ya mnyama inapaswa kutolewa kama chakula chao
people and should be given as alms."
watu na inapaswa kutolewa kama sadaka."
According to another authenticatedly reported tradition,
Kulingana na mila nyingine iliyothibitishwa,
Imam al-Sadiq ('a) has said, "When a male or female baby is
Imamu Sadiq (a.s.) amesema: “Anapokuwa mtoto wa kiume au wa kike
born, the father is advised to offer a female sheep or a camel
akizaliwa, baba anashauriwa kutoa kondoo jike au ngamia
as an oblation for him/her on the seventh day of his/her age.
kama sadaka kwa ajili yake katika siku ya saba ya umri wake.
On the same day, you should give him/her a name, shave the
Siku hiyo hiyo, unapaswa kumpa jina, kunyoa
hair of his/her head, and give as alms silver or gold that is in
nywele za kichwa chake, na kutoa kama sadaka fedha au dhahabu iliyo ndani
the weight of the shaved hair."
uzito wa nywele zilizonyolewa."
According to another tradition, the midwife should be given a
Kulingana na mila nyingine, mkunga apewe a
quarter of the meat of the slaughtered sheep. If his mother
robo ya nyama ya kondoo aliyechinjwa. Ikiwa mama yake
has given birth to him without the assistance of a midwife,
amejifungua bila msaada wa mkunga,
then the mother should give a quarter of the meat of the
basi mama atoe robo ya nyama ya
slaughtered sheep to any one she likes. From the meat of the
kuchinjwa kondoo kwa yeyote ampendaye. Kutoka kwa nyama ya
slaughtered sheep, ten Muslim persons should be served. Of
kondoo waliochinjwa, watu kumi Waislamu wanapaswa kuhudumiwa. Ya
course, the more the better. The father must not eat from the
bila shaka, bora zaidi. Baba hatakiwi kula chakula
meat of the slaughtered sheep. If the midwife is Jew, she
nyama ya kondoo aliyechinjwa. Ikiwa mkunga ni Myahudi, yeye
should be given the value of a quarter of the meat of the
ipewe thamani ya robo ya nyama ya
slaughtered sheep.
kondoo waliochinjwa.
According to another tradition, the midwife should be given
Kulingana na mila nyingine, mkunga apewe
one third of the meat of the sheep that was offered as an
theluthi moja ya nyama ya kondoo iliyotolewa kuwa sadaka
oblation for the newborn.
sadaka kwa mtoto mchanga.
However, it is well known among master jurisprudents that
Walakini, inajulikana sana kati ya wanasheria wakuu kwamba
the animal that should be offered as oblation for the
mnyama atakayetolewa kuwa sadaka kwa ajili ya
newborns must be either a camel, a female sheep, or a goat.
watoto wachanga lazima wawe ngamia, kondoo jike, au mbuzi.
Imam al-Baqir ('a) is reported to have said, "On the days of
Imepokewa kwamba Imam al-Baqir (a.s.) alisema, "Katika siku za
the birth of Imam al-Hasan and Imam al-Husayn ('a), the Holy
kuzaliwa kwa Imam al-Hasan na Imam al-Husayn ('a), Mtukufu
Prophet (s) uttered the adhan statements in their ears. On
Mtume (s) alitamka kauli za adhana masikioni mwao. Washa
their seventh day, Lady Fatimah ('a) offered a female sheep
Siku yao ya saba, Bibi Fatimah ('a) alitoa kondoo jike
as an oblation for them. She gave the midwife a leg of the
kama sadaka kwa ajili yao. Alimpa mkunga mguu wa
sheep and one dinar (which is equal to one mitigal of gold)."
kondoo na dinari moja (ambayo ni sawa na mti wa dhahabu).
The animal to be offered as an oblation for the newborns is
Mnyama atakayetolewa kama sadaka kwa watoto wachanga ni
necessarily a more than five year old camel, a more than one
lazima ngamia zaidi ya miaka mitano, zaidi ya mmoja
year old goat, or a six month old sheep, although it is
mbuzi wa mwaka mmoja, au kondoo wa miezi sita, ingawa ni
preferable that the sheep be seven month old.
afadhali kondoo awe na umri wa miezi saba.
If the animal is male, it must not be castrated (i.e. its
Ikiwa mnyama ni dume, hatahasiwa (yaani
testicles have been removed) and, preferably, its testicles are
korodani zimetolewa) na, ikiwezekana, korodani zake ni
not pressed. Its horn must be sound; that is, its horns must
haijashinikizwa. Pembe yake lazima iwe na sauti; yaani pembe zake lazima
not be broken to the root. Likewise, its ears must be sound
isivunjwe hadi mzizi. Vivyo hivyo, masikio yake lazima yawe na sauti
and it must be neither extremely skinny, blind, nor too cripple
na lazima lisiwe konda sana, kipofu, wala kiwete sana
to be ridden.
kuendeshwa.
On the other hand, according to a tradition of a considerable
Kwa upande mwingine, kulingana na mila ya makubwa
chain of authority, lmam al-Sadiq ('a) has said, "The laws that
Mnyororo wa mamlaka, lmam al-Sadiq ('a) amesema, "Sheria ambazo
are appertained to the animals that are offered as sacrifice in
zinafaa kwa wanyama wanaotolewa kama dhabihu ndani
the hajj season (i.e. uzhiyah) are not applicable to the
msimu wa hajj (yaani uzhiyah) hautumiki kwa
animals that are offered as oblation for the newborns (i.e.
wanyama wanaotolewa kama sadaka kwa watoto wachanga (yaani.
'aqiqah)."
'aqiqah)."
Accordingly, it is acceptable to offer any sheep as oblation,
Kwa hiyo, inakubalika kutoa kondoo yeyote kama sadaka,
no matter what its specifications would be, since the most
haijalishi maelezo yake yangekuwaje, kwani zaidi
important point in this issue is the meat of the slaughtered
jambo muhimu katika suala hili ni nyama ya kuchinjwa
animal. Thus, the fleshier the better.
mnyama. Hivyo, nyama ni bora zaidi.
As a famous rule among master jurisprudents, it is
Kama kanuni maarufu miongoni mwa wanasheria wakuu, ndivyo ilivyo
recommended for fathers to offer oblation for their male
ilipendekeza kwa baba kutoa sadaka kwa ajili ya wanaume wao
newborns and it is recommended for mothers to ofter
watoto wachanga na inashauriwa kwa akina mama mara nyingi
oblation for their female newborns.
sadaka kwa watoto wao wachanga wa kike.
As much as I known, it is better for fathers to offer oblations
Nilivyojua, ni bora kwa akina baba kutoa sadaka
for their male and female newborns, as is understood from
kwa watoto wao wachanga wa kiume na wa kike, kama inavyoeleweka kutoka
many considerably reported traditions. Anyhow, there is no
mila nyingi zilizoripotiwa sana. Hata hivyo, hakuna
objection if a female offers oblations for both male and
pingamizi ikiwa mwanamke atatoa sadaka kwa wanaume na
female newborns.
watoto wachanga wa kike.
It is confirmedly recommended that the parents should not
Inathibitishwa kuwa wazazi hawapaswi
eat from the meat of the animals offered by them as oblation
mle nyama ya wanyama waliotolewa nao kama sadaka
for their newborns. More preferably, the parents should not
kwa watoto wao wachanga. Ikiwezekana zaidi, wazazi hawapaswi
eat from any food one of its ingredients is any part of the
kula kutoka kwa chakula chochote moja ya viungo vyake ni sehemu yoyote ya chakula
meat of the oblatory animal. It is more discommended for
nyama ya mnyama wa kula. Inakataliwa zaidi kwa
mothers to eat from such meat than fathers. It is also
akina mama kula nyama kama hiyo kuliko baba. Ni pia
preferable that none of the parents'dependants should eat
ikiwezekana kwamba hakuna hata mmoja wa wategemezi wa wazazi anayepaswa kula
from the meat of such animals.
kutoka kwa nyama ya wanyama kama hao.
It is also confirmedly recommended that the meat of the
Pia imethibitishwa ilipendekeza kuwa nyama ya
oblatory animal is cooked before it is given as alms. In other
mnyama wa kula hupikwa kabla ya kutolewa kama sadaka. Katika nyingine
words, the meat of the oblatory animal must not be given as
maneno, nyama ya mnyama oblarty lazima itolewe kama
alms while it is raw and uncooked; rather, it must be at the
sadaka ikiwa mbichi na haijapikwa; badala yake, lazima iwe kwenye
least cooked with water and salt, although it is likely
kupikwa angalau kwa maji na chumvi, ingawa kuna uwezekano
preferable to cook the meat of such animals with water and
vyema kupika nyama ya wanyama hao kwa maji na
Salt only. At any rate, there is no objection if the raw meat of
Chumvi pekee. Kwa hali yoyote, hakuna pingamizi ikiwa nyama mbichi ya
the oblatory animal is given as alms.
mnyama wa kuadhimisha hutolewa kama sadaka.
Even if a father cannot find any animal to offer as oblation
Hata kama baba hawezi kupata mnyama wa kutoa kama sadaka
for his newborn, it is not excusable to give its value as alms;
kwa mtoto wake mchanga, si udhuru kutoa thamani yake kama sadaka;
rather, he must wait until such animals be available.
badala yake, ni lazima angojee hadi wanyama hao wapatikane.
It is also not conditional that only poor people are invited to
Pia sio masharti kwamba watu masikini pekee ndio wanaoalikwa
eat from the meat of oblatory animals, although it is more
kula kutoka kwa nyama ya wanyama wa kula, ingawa ni zaidi
preferable to restrict the invitation to the righteous and poor
afadhali kuzuia mwaliko kwa watu wema na maskini
people.
watu.
Commenting on this topic, 1, the author of this book, would
Akitoa maoni yake juu ya mada hii, 1, mwandishi wa kitabu hiki, angeweza
like to add the following: As an approved law by the majority
napenda kuongeza yafuatayo: Kama sheria iliyoidhinishwa na wengi
of scholars, it is discommended to break the bones of the
ya wanavyuoni, haikubaliki kuvunja mifupa
animals that are offered as oblation for the newborns. This
wanyama ambao hutolewa kama sadaka kwa watoto wachanga. Hii
law, however, is not contradicted by the reported tradition
sheria, hata hivyo, haipingani na mila iliyoripotiwa
that involves that the bones of such animals may be broken,
ambayo inahusisha kwamba mifupa ya wanyama hao inaweza kuvunjwa,
their meat may be cut into pieces, and it is lawful to do any
nyama yao inaweza kukatwa vipande vipande, na ni halali kufanya lolote
thing to these animals after they have been slaughtered
jambo kwa wanyama hawa baada ya kuchinjwa
(legally).
(kisheria).
The author of Jawahir al-Kalam (namely; Shaykh Muhammad
Mwandishi wa Jawahir al-Kalam (yaani; Shaykh Muhammad
Hasan al-Najafi al-Jawahiri) says, "The people of Iraq claim
Hasan al-Najafi al-Jawahiri) anasema, "Watu wa Iraq wanadai
that it is recommended to put the bones of an oblatory
kwamba inashauriwa kuweka mifupa ya oblatory
animal in a white piece of clothes, tie it, and bury it. In fact, 1
mnyama katika kipande nyeupe cha nguo, kuifunga, na kumzika. Kwa kweli, 1
have not seen any reported text confirming this claim. After
sijaona maandishi yoyote yaliyoripotiwa kuthibitisha dai hili. Baada ya
all, Almighty Allah knows best."
yote, Mwenyezi Mungu ndiye anayejua zaidi."
MANNERS OF AQIQAH
ADABU ZA AQIQAH
In his book entitled al-Hilyah, 'Allamah (i.e. well-versed
Katika kitabu chake kiitwacho al-Hilyah, 'Allamah (yaani mjuzi
scholar) al-Majlisi says: Oblation for newborns is a confirmed
mwanachuoni) al-Majlisi anasema: Kutowa sadaka kwa watoto wachanga ni jambo lililothibitishwa
Prophetic tradition, yet for those who are solvent enough to
Mila ya kinabii, bado kwa wale ambao ni kutengenezea kutosha
slaughter an animal. However, some scholars have deemed
kuchinja mnyama. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya wasomi wameona
it obligatory. It is more preferable to slaughter the oblatory
ni wajibu. Ni vyema zaidi kuchinja oblatory
animal on the seventh day of the newborn's birth. For fathers,
mnyama katika siku ya saba ya kuzaliwa kwa mtoto mchanga. Kwa baba,
it is a confirmed and highly recommended act. If fathers
ni kitendo kilichothibitishwa na kinachopendekezwa sana. Ikiwa baba
abandon offering such oblation until the newborn attains
acha kutoa sadaka hiyo hadi mtoto mchanga apate
maturity, then this act becomes recommended to the mature
ukomavu, basi kitendo hiki huwa kinapendekezwa kwa watu waliokomaa
boy as long as he is alive.
kijana maadamu yuko hai.
According to many traditions, slaughtering an animal as
Kulingana na mila nyingi, kuchinja mnyama kama
oblation for the newborn is obligatory on their fathers. Other
sadaka kwa ajili ya watoto wachanga ni wajibu kwa baba zao. Nyingine
traditions maintain that each newborn is subject to oblation;
mila inasisitiza kwamba kila mtoto mchanga anapaswa kutolewa;
if no oblation is offered for him, he may be exposed to
ikiwa hakuna sadaka inayotolewa kwa ajili yake, anaweza kufichuliwa
various ordeals, including death.
mateso mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na kifo.
Imam al-Sadiq ('a) is reported to have said,
Imepokewa kwamba Imamu Sadiq (a.s.) alisema:
"Oblation for the
"Oblation kwa ajili ya
newborn is required by the solvent fathers. As for the
mtoto mchanga anahitajika na baba za kutengenezea. Kama kwa
insolvent fathers, they must offer an oblation for their
akina baba wafilisi, ni lazima watoe matoleo kwa ajili yao
newborns once they can. However, if they cannot afford
watoto wachanga mara tu wanaweza. Walakini, ikiwa hawawezi kumudu
oblation, they are then exempted. If a father has neglected to
sadaka, basi ni misamaha. Ikiwa baba amepuuza
offer an animal as an oblation for his newborn, but he then
kutoa mnyama kama sadaka kwa ajili ya mtoto wake mchanga, lakini yeye basi
offered an animal as sacrifice in the season of the ritual hajJ,
alitoa mnyama kama dhabihu katika msimu wa ibada ya hajJ,
this offering will be acceptable as compensatory for the
toleo hili litakubalika kama fidia kwa
oblation."
sadaka."
According to another tradition, Imam al-Sadiq ('a) was asked
Kwa mujibu wa hadithi nyingine, Imam al-Sadiq ('a) aliulizwa
if it is acceptable to offer an oblation for the newborn who
ikiwa inakubalika kutoa sadaka kwa ajili ya mtoto mchanga ambaye
dies on the seventh day of his age, the Imam ('a) answered,
atakufa siku ya saba ya umri wake, Imam (a.s.) akajibu:
"If the newborn dies before the midday (zohr) of the seventh
"Ikiwa mtoto mchanga atakufa kabla ya adhuhuri ya tarehe saba
day of his age, no oblation is required for him, but if he dies
siku ya umri wake, sadaka haitakiwi kwake, ila akifa
after that, then it is required to offer an oblation for him."
baada ya hayo, ndipo inatakiwa kumtolea sadaka."
According to another considerably reported tradition, 'Umar
Kwa mujibu wa hadithi nyingine iliyoripotiwa sana, Umar
ibn Yazid once said to lmam al-Sadiq ('a), "In fact, l do not
Ibn Yazid siku moja alimwambia lmam al-Sadiq (a): "Kwa kweli, mimi si
Know whether my father did offer as an oblation for me or
Jua kama baba yangu alitoa kama sadaka kwa ajili yangu au
not." The Imam ('a) ordered him to offer an animal as an
sivyo." Imam (a.s.) alimuamuru kutoa mnyama kama mnyama
oblation for him. So, 'Umar did while he was old.
sadaka kwa ajili yake. Hivyo, Umar alifanya akiwa mzee.
According to another acceptably reported tradition, Imam al-
Kwa mujibu wa hadithi nyingine inayokubalika, Imam al-.
Sadiq ('a) has said, "On the seventh day of the age of a male
Sadiq (a.s.) amesema: "Katika siku ya saba ya umri wa mwanamume
newborn, it is advised to give him a name, to offer an
mtoto mchanga, inashauriwa kumpa jina, kutoa
oblation for him, to shave the hair of his head, and to give as
sadaka kwa ajili yake, kunyoa nywele za kichwa chake, na kutoa kama
alms silver in the same weight of the newborn's shaved hair.
zawadi za fedha kwa uzito sawa wa nywele zilizonyolewa za mtoto aliyezaliwa.
The leg and thigh of the slaughtered animal that was offered
Mguu na paja la mnyama aliyechinjwa aliyetolewa
as an oblation for the newborn should be gifted to the
kama dhabihu kwa ajili ya mtoto mchanga inapaswa kutolewa kwa ajili ya
midwife who has helped his mother give birth to him. The
mkunga ambaye amemsaidia mama yake kumzaa. The
rest of the meat of the animal should be served as food for
nyama iliyobaki ya mnyama inapaswa kutolewa kama chakula chao
people and should be given as alms."
watu na inapaswa kutolewa kama sadaka."
According to another authenticatedly reported tradition,
Kulingana na mila nyingine iliyothibitishwa,
Imam al-Sadiq ('a) has said, "When a male or female baby is
Imamu Sadiq (a.s.) amesema: “Anapokuwa mtoto wa kiume au wa kike
born, the father is advised to offer a female sheep or a camel
akizaliwa, baba anashauriwa kutoa kondoo jike au ngamia
as an oblation for him/her on the seventh day of his/her age.
kama sadaka kwa ajili yake katika siku ya saba ya umri wake.
On the same day, you should give him/her a name, shave the
Siku hiyo hiyo, unapaswa kumpa jina, kunyoa
hair of his/her head, and give as alms silver or gold that is in
nywele za kichwa chake, na kutoa kama sadaka fedha au dhahabu iliyo ndani
the weight of the shaved hair."
uzito wa nywele zilizonyolewa."
According to another tradition, the midwife should be given a
Kulingana na mila nyingine, mkunga apewe a
quarter of the meat of the slaughtered sheep. If his mother
robo ya nyama ya kondoo aliyechinjwa. Ikiwa mama yake
has given birth to him without the assistance of a midwife,
amejifungua bila msaada wa mkunga,
then the mother should give a quarter of the meat of the
basi mama atoe robo ya nyama ya
slaughtered sheep to any one she likes. From the meat of the
kuchinjwa kondoo kwa yeyote ampendaye. Kutoka kwa nyama ya
slaughtered sheep, ten Muslim persons should be served. Of
kondoo waliochinjwa, watu kumi Waislamu wanapaswa kuhudumiwa. Ya
course, the more the better. The father must not eat from the
bila shaka, bora zaidi. Baba hatakiwi kula chakula
meat of the slaughtered sheep. If the midwife is Jew, she
nyama ya kondoo aliyechinjwa. Ikiwa mkunga ni Myahudi, yeye
should be given the value of a quarter of the meat of the
ipewe thamani ya robo ya nyama ya
slaughtered sheep.
kondoo waliochinjwa.
According to another tradition, the midwife should be given
Kulingana na mila nyingine, mkunga apewe
one third of the meat of the sheep that was offered as an
theluthi moja ya nyama ya kondoo iliyotolewa kuwa sadaka
oblation for the newborn.
sadaka kwa mtoto mchanga.
However, it is well known among master jurisprudents that
Walakini, inajulikana sana kati ya wanasheria wakuu kwamba
the animal that should be offered as oblation for the
mnyama atakayetolewa kuwa sadaka kwa ajili ya
newborns must be either a camel, a female sheep, or a goat.
watoto wachanga lazima wawe ngamia, kondoo jike, au mbuzi.
Imam al-Baqir ('a) is reported to have said, "On the days of
Imepokewa kwamba Imam al-Baqir (a.s.) alisema, "Katika siku za
the birth of Imam al-Hasan and Imam al-Husayn ('a), the Holy
kuzaliwa kwa Imam al-Hasan na Imam al-Husayn ('a), Mtukufu
Prophet (s) uttered the adhan statements in their ears. On
Mtume (s) alitamka kauli za adhana masikioni mwao. Washa
their seventh day, Lady Fatimah ('a) offered a female sheep
Siku yao ya saba, Bibi Fatimah ('a) alitoa kondoo jike
as an oblation for them. She gave the midwife a leg of the
kama sadaka kwa ajili yao. Alimpa mkunga mguu wa
sheep and one dinar (which is equal to one mitigal of gold)."
kondoo na dinari moja (ambayo ni sawa na mti wa dhahabu).
The animal to be offered as an oblation for the newborns is
Mnyama atakayetolewa kama sadaka kwa watoto wachanga ni
necessarily a more than five year old camel, a more than one
lazima ngamia zaidi ya miaka mitano, zaidi ya mmoja
year old goat, or a six month old sheep, although it is
mbuzi wa mwaka mmoja, au kondoo wa miezi sita, ingawa ni
preferable that the sheep be seven month old.
afadhali kondoo awe na umri wa miezi saba.
If the animal is male, it must not be castrated (i.e. its
Ikiwa mnyama ni dume, hatahasiwa (yaani
testicles have been removed) and, preferably, its testicles are
korodani zimetolewa) na, ikiwezekana, korodani zake ni
not pressed. Its horn must be sound; that is, its horns must
haijashinikizwa. Pembe yake lazima iwe na sauti; yaani pembe zake lazima
not be broken to the root. Likewise, its ears must be sound
isivunjwe hadi mzizi. Vivyo hivyo, masikio yake lazima yawe na sauti
and it must be neither extremely skinny, blind, nor too cripple
na lazima lisiwe konda sana, kipofu, wala kiwete sana
to be ridden.
kuendeshwa.
On the other hand, according to a tradition of a considerable
Kwa upande mwingine, kulingana na mila ya makubwa
chain of authority, Imam al-Sadiq ('a) has said, "The laws that
mnyororo wa mamlaka, Imam al-Sadiq ('a) amesema, "Sheria ambazo
are appertained to the animals that are offered as sacrifice in
zinafaa kwa wanyama wanaotolewa kama dhabihu ndani
the hajj season (i.e. uzhiyah) are not applicable to the
msimu wa hajj (yaani uzhiyah) hautumiki kwa
animals that are oftered as oblation for the newborns (i.e.
wanyama ambao mara nyingi hutolewa kama sadaka kwa watoto wachanga (yaani.
'aqiqah)."
'aqiqah)."
Accordingly, it is acceptable to offer any sheep as oblation,
Kwa hiyo, inakubalika kutoa kondoo yeyote kama sadaka,
no matter what its specifications would be, since the most
haijalishi maelezo yake yangekuwaje, kwani zaidi
important point in this issue is the meat of the slaughtered
jambo muhimu katika suala hili ni nyama ya kuchinjwa
animal. Thus, the fleshier the better.
mnyama. Hivyo, nyama ni bora zaidi.
As a famous rule among master jurisprudents, it is
Kama kanuni maarufu miongoni mwa wanasheria wakuu, ndivyo ilivyo
recommended for fathers to offer oblation for their male
ilipendekeza kwa baba kutoa sadaka kwa ajili ya wanaume wao
newborns and it is recommended for mothers to offer
watoto wachanga na inashauriwa kwa akina mama kutoa
oblation for their female newborns.
sadaka kwa watoto wao wachanga wa kike.
As much as I known, it is better for fathers to offer oblations
Nilivyojua, ni bora kwa akina baba kutoa sadaka
for their male and female newborns, as is understood from
kwa watoto wao wachanga wa kiume na wa kike, kama inavyoeleweka kutoka
many considerably reported traditions. Anyhow, there is no
mila nyingi zilizoripotiwa sana. Hata hivyo, hakuna
objection if a female offers oblations for both male and
pingamizi ikiwa mwanamke atatoa sadaka kwa wanaume na
female newborns.
watoto wachanga wa kike.
It is confirmedly recommended that the parents should not
Inathibitishwa kuwa wazazi hawapaswi
eat from the meat of the animals offered by them as oblation
mle nyama ya wanyama waliotolewa nao kama sadaka
for their newborns. More preferably, the parents should not
kwa watoto wao wachanga. Ikiwezekana zaidi, wazazi hawapaswi
eat from any food one of its ingredients is any part of the
kula kutoka kwa chakula chochote moja ya viungo vyake ni sehemu yoyote ya chakula
meat of the oblatory animal. It is more discommended for
nyama ya mnyama wa kula. Inakataliwa zaidi kwa
mothers to eat from such meat than fathers. It is also
akina mama kula nyama kama hiyo kuliko baba. Ni pia
preferable that none of the parents'dependants should eat
ikiwezekana kwamba hakuna hata mmoja wa wategemezi wa wazazi anayepaswa kula
from the meat of such animals.
kutoka kwa nyama ya wanyama kama hao.
It is also confirmedly recommended that the meat of the
Pia imethibitishwa ilipendekeza kuwa nyama ya
oblatory animal is cooked before it is given as alms. In other
mnyama wa kula hupikwa kabla ya kutolewa kama sadaka. Katika nyingine
words, the meat of the oblatory animal must not be given as
maneno, nyama ya mnyama oblarty lazima itolewe kama
alms while it is raw and uncooked; rather, it must be at the
sadaka ikiwa mbichi na haijapikwa; badala yake, lazima iwe kwenye
least cooked with water and salt, although it is likely
kupikwa angalau kwa maji na chumvi, ingawa kuna uwezekano
preferable to cook the meat of such animals with water and
vyema kupika nyama ya wanyama hao kwa maji na
salt only. At any rate, there is no objection if the raw meat of
chumvi tu. Kwa hali yoyote, hakuna pingamizi ikiwa nyama mbichi ya
the oblatory animal is given as alms.
mnyama wa kuadhimisha hutolewa kama sadaka.
Even if a father cannot find any animal to offer as oblation
Hata kama baba hawezi kupata mnyama wa kutoa kama sadaka
for his newborn, it is not excusable to give its value as alms;
kwa mtoto wake mchanga, si udhuru kutoa thamani yake kama sadaka;
rather, he must wait until such animals be available.
badala yake, ni lazima angojee hadi wanyama hao wapatikane.
It is also not conditional that only poor people are invited to
Pia sio masharti kwamba watu masikini pekee ndio wanaoalikwa
eat from the meat of oblatory animals, although it is more
kula kutoka kwa nyama ya wanyama wa kula, ingawa ni zaidi
preferable to restrict the invitation to the righteous and poor
afadhali kuzuia mwaliko kwa watu wema na maskini
people.
watu.
Commenting on this topic, 1, the author of this book, would
Akitoa maoni yake juu ya mada hii, 1, mwandishi wa kitabu hiki, angeweza
like to add the following: As an approved law by the majority
napenda kuongeza yafuatayo: Kama sheria iliyoidhinishwa na wengi
of scholars, it is discommended to break the bones of the
ya wanavyuoni, haikubaliki kuvunja mifupa
animals that are offered as oblation for the newborns. This
wanyama ambao hutolewa kama sadaka kwa watoto wachanga. Hii
law, however, is not contradicted by the reported tradition
sheria, hata hivyo, haipingani na mila iliyoripotiwa
that involves that the bones of such animals may be broken,
ambayo inahusisha kwamba mifupa ya wanyama hao inaweza kuvunjwa,
their meat may be cut into pieces, and it is lawful to do any
nyama yao inaweza kukatwa vipande vipande, na ni halali kufanya lolote
thing to these animals after they have been slaughtered
jambo kwa wanyama hawa baada ya kuchinjwa
(legally).
(kisheria).
The author of Jawahir al-Kalam (namely; Shaykh Muhammad
Mwandishi wa Jawahir al-Kalam (yaani; Shaykh Muhammad
Hasan al-Najafi al-Jawahiri) says, "The people of Iraq claim
Hasan al-Najafi al-Jawahiri) anasema, "Watu wa Iraq wanadai
that it is recommended to put the bones of an oblatory
kwamba inashauriwa kuweka mifupa ya oblatory
animal in a white piece of clothes, tie it, and bury it. In fact, l
mnyama katika kipande nyeupe cha nguo, kuifunga, na kumzika. Kwa kweli, l
have not seen any reported text confirming this claim. After
sijaona maandishi yoyote yaliyoripotiwa kuthibitisha dai hili. Baada ya
all, Almighty Allah knows best.'
yote, Mwenyezi Mungu ndiye anayejua zaidi.
