Instructions
مروي عن الأئمة المعصومين عليهم السلام في كتب الأدعية والزيارات المعتبرة.
Virtues, description, and recitation method of ETIQUETTES AND SUPPLICATIONS PERTAINING TO DEATH as recorded in Shia traditions.
Fadhila, maelezo, na njia ya usomaji wa ADABU NA DUA KUHUSU MAUTI kama ilivyopokelewa katika mapokezi ya Shia.
ETIQUETTES AND SUPPLICATIONS PERTAINING TO DEATH
ADABU NA DUA KUHUSU MAUTI
When signs of death appear to someone, he more than
Wakati dalili za kifo zinaonekana kwa mtu, yeye zaidi kuliko
anyone else must prepare himself for receiving it, because
mtu mwingine yeyote lazima ajiandae kwa ajili ya kuipokea, kwa sababu
he will start a journey from which he will never return;
ataanza safari ambayo hatarudi tena;
namely, the journey to the Other World. In this journey, he
yaani, safari ya kuelekea Ulimwengu Mwingine. Katika safari hii, yeye
requires suitable provisions. The first thing he must do is to
inahitaji masharti yanayofaa. Jambo la kwanza analopaswa kufanya ni kufanya
confess of his sins, admit of failure to do what ought to be
kuungama dhambi zake, kubali kushindwa kufanya inavyopaswa kuwa
done, show regret at the wrongdoings he has done, declare
amefanya, aonyeshe majuto kwa makosa aliyofanya, tangaza
pure repentance, weep for himself, implore the All-holy God
toba safi, jililie yeye mwenyewe, mwombe Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu
for forgiveness, and pray Him to stand by him and not to
kwa msamaha, na umuombe asimame naye na sio
leave him alone facing the imminent shocks and horrors.
mwache peke yake akikabili mishtuko na vitisho vinavyokuja.
As a second step, he must pay considerable attention to his
Kama hatua ya pili, lazima azingatie sana yake
will; he must therefore fulfill his liabilities and duties towards
mapenzi; kwa hiyo lazima atimize dhima na wajibu wake kuelekea
Almighty Allah and people and must not entrust others to do
Mwenyezi Mungu na watu na si lazima kuwaamini wengine kufanya
so on behalf of him. He will very soon lose any control over
hivyo kwa niaba yake. Hivi karibuni atapoteza udhibiti wowote
his properties, rather, he will not be able to do anything rather
mali yake, badala yake, hataweza kufanya chochote badala yake
than watching sorrowfully how his properties will be spent. In
kuliko kutazama kwa huzuni jinsi mali zake zitakavyotumika. Katika
fact, the devilish jinn and human beings will inspire evil
kwa hakika, majini wa kishetani na wanaadamu wataleta maovu
things to his heirs in order to prevent them from absolving
mambo kwa warithi wake ili kuyazuia yasisamehewe
him from the financial liabilities and he will have not
kutoka kwa madeni ya kifedha na hatakuwa nayo
stratagem other than shouting, "My Lord, send me back
njama nyingine badala ya kusema: “Mola wangu Mlezi, nirudishe
haply I may do good in that which I have left!" Yet, this call
labda nifanye wema katika yale niliyoyaacha! Walakini, wito huu
will not be heard and regret will not be helpful anymore.
haitasikika na majuto hayatakuwa na msaada tena.
In this respect, one who feels his imminent departure of this
Katika suala hili, mtu ambaye anahisi kuondoka kwake karibu kwa hili
life must bequeath one third of his properties to his relatives
maisha lazima awarithisha jamaa zake thuluthi ya mali zake
and to charitable purposes in a way that corresponds to the
na kwa madhumuni ya hisani kwa njia inayolingana na
financial situation. Legally, a legator has no right to dispose
hali ya kifedha. Kisheria, mrithi hana haki ya kuondoa
of more than one third of his legacy.
zaidi ya theluthi moja ya urithi wake.
The next step is that he must absolve himself from his
Hatua inayofuata ni kwamba lazima ajiondoe kutoka kwake
obligations towards his brethren-in-faith, ask those whom he
wajibu kwa ndugu zake katika Imani, waulize alio nao
had backbitten, insulted, or injured to forgive him if he can
alikuwa amesengenya, ametukanwa, au ameumizwa ili amsamehe kama angeweza
contact with them, and ask his present brethren-in-faith to
wasiliana nao, na uwaulize ndugu zake waliopo katika imani
ask the absent ones to release him from any wrongdoing he
waombe wasiokuwepo wamuachilie kutokana na kosa lolote alilofanya
had done to them.
alikuwa amewafanyia.
He must then nominate somebody as his guardian over his
Ni lazima ateue mtu fulani kama mlezi wake
immature sons and entrust a trustworthy person with
wana wachanga na umkabidhi mtu mwaminifu
managing the affairs of his children and family members. Of
kusimamia mambo ya watoto wake na wanafamilia. Ya
course, this step, as well as all other steps, must be
bila shaka, hatua hii, pamoja na hatua nyingine zote, lazima iwe
preceded by putting full trust in Almighty Allah.
kabla ya kuweka imani kamili kwa Mwenyezi Mungu.
The next step is that he must prepare his shroud (i.e. grave-
Hatua inayofuata ni kwamba lazima aandae sanda yake (yaani kaburi-
clothes), in case that he has not already prepared it, and to
nguo), ikiwa bado hajaitayarisha, na kwa
order that the supplicatory prayers and holy verses, which are
kuamuru kwamba sala za dua na aya tukufu, ambazo ni
too many to be mentioned in this thesis, must be written on
nyingi mno za kutajwa katika tasnifu hii, lazima ziandikwe
his shroud with a liquid made of a mixture of water and soil
sanda yake na kimiminika kilichotengenezwa kwa mchanganyiko wa maji na udongo
taken from Imam al-Husayn's holy tomb. However, a true
iliyochukuliwa kutoka kwenye kaburi tukufu la Imam al-Husayn. Walakini, kweli
believer must always have his shroud prepared. In this
mwamini lazima kila wakati awe ametayarisha sanda yake. Katika hili
regard, Imam al-Sadiq ('a) is reported to have said,
Imepokewa kwamba Imam al-Sadiq (a.s.) alisema:
"Whoever
"Yeyote
has his shroud kept in his house, will not be registered with
sanda yake imehifadhiwa ndani ya nyumba yake, haitaandikishwa
the inadvertent ones and will be granted a reward whenever
wasiojua na watapewa ujira wakati wowote
he looks at it."
anaitazama."
One who is near death must no longer think of the future of
Mtu ambaye yuko karibu na kifo lazima asifikirie tena juu ya wakati ujao
his family members, sons, and property, rather, he must think
washiriki wa familia yake, wana, na mali, badala yake, lazima afikirie
of nothing except the All-holy God and must understand that
chochote isipokuwa Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu na ni lazima kuelewa hilo
such transient matters will not help or save him neither in
mambo hayo ya muda mfupi hayatamsaidia wala kumuokoa
this world nor in the other world, and nothing will help except
hapa duniani wala katika ulimwengu mwingine, na hakuna kitakachosaidia ila
the kindness and mercy of Almighty Allah. Hence, if one puts
wema na rehema za Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu. Kwa hivyo, ikiwa mtu ataweka
his full trust in Almighty Allah, the affairs of his household
kumtegemea kabisa Mwenyezi Mungu, mambo ya nyumba yake
will certainly go well. It must be also known for sure that no
hakika itaenda vizuri. Ni lazima pia kujulikana kwa uhakika kwamba hakuna
one, be he alive or dead, can provide any help or fend off any
mtu, awe hai au amekufa, anaweza kutoa msaada wowote au kujikinga na yeyote
harm unless Almighty Allah wills so, since He, Who has
madhara isipokuwa atake Mwenyezi Mungu, kwa vile Yeye aliye nayo
created the beings, is more compassionate to His creatures
Aliyeumba viumbe, ana huruma zaidi kwa viumbe Wake
than anyone else. As a result, one who is near death must be
kuliko mtu mwingine yeyote. Kama matokeo, mtu ambaye yuko karibu na kifo lazima awe
full of hope for the mercy of his Lord and must entertain
aliyejaa matumaini kwa rehema za Mola wake Mlezi na lazima aburudishe
expectation of the intercession of the Holy Prophet (s) and
matarajio ya uombezi wa Mtukufu Mtume (s) na
the Holy lmams ('a) and wait for their coming at the hour of
Maimamu watukufu ('a) na wangojee kuja kwao saa ya
death. In fact, it must be known that they all come at the last
kifo. Kwa kweli, ni lazima ijulikane kwamba wote wanakuja mwisho
hour of death to convey good tidings to their loyalists and to
saa ya kufa ili kufikisha habari njema kwa waaminifu wao na kwa
ask the Angel of Death to be lenient to the dead who has
mwambie Malaika wa Mauti awahurumie wafu walio nao
been faithful to them.
kuwa mwaminifu kwao.
In Misbah al-Mutahajjid, Shaykh al-Tusi says that it is
Katika Misbah al-Mutahajjid, Shaykh al-Tusi anasema ni hivyo
recommended to pay much attention to the last will, which
ilipendekeza kulipa kipaumbele sana kwa mapenzi ya mwisho, ambayo
must not be belittled by every human being. In this respect, it
haipaswi kudharauliwa na kila mwanadamu. Katika suala hili, ni
is reported that one must not spend a single night without
imeripotiwa kwamba mtu asilale usiku mmoja bila
having his will placed under his head. This advice becomes
akiweka mapenzi yake chini ya kichwa chake. Ushauri huu unakuwa
more emphatic in cases of ailments. Hence, one must write
kusisitiza zaidi katika kesi za magonjwa. Kwa hivyo, mtu lazima aandike
down his will as excellently as possible and must absolve
punguza mapenzi yake kwa ukamilifu iwezekanavyo na lazima yaondolewe
himself from the liabilities and responsibilities towards
mwenyewe kutokana na dhima na wajibu kuelekea
Almighty Allah and towards His servants.
Mwenyezi Mungu na waja wake.
ETIQUETTES AND SUPPLICATIONS PERTAINING TO DEATH
ADABU NA DUA KUHUSU MAUTI
When signs of death appear to someone, he more than
Wakati dalili za kifo zinaonekana kwa mtu, yeye zaidi kuliko
anyone else must prepare himself for receiving it, because
mtu mwingine yeyote lazima ajiandae kwa ajili ya kuipokea, kwa sababu
he will start a journey from which he will never return;
ataanza safari ambayo hatarudi tena;
namely, the journey to the Other World. In this journey, he
yaani, safari ya kuelekea Ulimwengu Mwingine. Katika safari hii, yeye
requires suitable provisions. The first thing he must do is to
inahitaji masharti yanayofaa. Jambo la kwanza analopaswa kufanya ni kufanya
confess of his sins, admit of failure to do what ought to be
kuungama dhambi zake, kubali kushindwa kufanya inavyopaswa kuwa
done, show regret at the wrongdoings he has done, declare
amefanya, aonyeshe majuto kwa makosa aliyofanya, tangaza
pure repentance, weep for himself, implore the All-holy God
toba safi, jililie yeye mwenyewe, mwombe Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu
for forgiveness, and pray Him to stand by him and not to
kwa msamaha, na umuombe asimame naye na sio
leave him alone facing the imminent shocks and horrors.
mwache peke yake akikabili mishtuko na vitisho vinavyokuja.
As a second step, he must pay considerable attention to his
Kama hatua ya pili, lazima azingatie sana yake
will; he must therefore fulfill his liabilities and duties towards
mapenzi; kwa hiyo lazima atimize dhima na wajibu wake kuelekea
Almighty Allah and people and must not entrust others to do
Mwenyezi Mungu na watu na si lazima kuwaamini wengine kufanya
so on behalt of him. He will very soon lose any control over
hivyo kwa niaba yake. Hivi karibuni atapoteza udhibiti wowote
his properties, rather, he will not be able to do anything rather
mali yake, badala yake, hataweza kufanya chochote badala yake
than watching sorrowfully how his properties will be spent. In
kuliko kutazama kwa huzuni jinsi mali zake zitakavyotumika. Katika
fact, the devilish jinn and human beings will inspire evil
kwa hakika, majini wa kishetani na wanaadamu wataleta maovu
things to his heirs in order to prevent them from absolving
mambo kwa warithi wake ili kuyazuia yasisamehewe
him from the financial liabilities and he will have not
kutoka kwa madeni ya kifedha na hatakuwa nayo
stratagem other than shouting, "My Lord, send me back
njama nyingine badala ya kusema: “Mola wangu Mlezi, nirudishe
haply I may do good in that which I have left!" Yet, this call
labda nitatenda mema katika yale niliyoyaacha!” Hata hivyo, mwito huu
will not be heard and regret will not be helpful anymore.
haitasikika na majuto hayatakuwa na msaada tena.
In this respect, one who feels his imminent departure of this
Katika suala hili, mtu ambaye anahisi kuondoka kwake karibu kwa hili
life must bequeath one third of his properties to his relatives
maisha lazima awarithisha jamaa zake thuluthi ya mali zake
and to charitable purposes in a way that corresponds to the
na kwa madhumuni ya hisani kwa njia inayolingana na
financial situation. Legally, a legator has no right to dispose
hali ya kifedha. Kisheria, mrithi hana haki ya kuondoa
of more than one third of his legacy.
zaidi ya theluthi moja ya urithi wake.
The next step is that he must absolve himself from his
Hatua inayofuata ni kwamba lazima ajiondoe kutoka kwake
obligations towards his brethren-in-faith, ask those whom he
wajibu kwa ndugu zake katika Imani, waulize alio nao
had backbitten, insulted, or injured to forgive him if he can
alikuwa amesengenya, ametukanwa, au ameumizwa ili amsamehe kama angeweza
contact with them, and ask his present brethren-in-faith to
wasiliana nao, na uwaulize ndugu zake waliopo katika imani
ask the absent ones to release him from any wrongdoing he
waombe wasiokuwepo wamuachilie kutokana na kosa lolote alilofanya
had done to them.
alikuwa amewafanyia.
He must then nominate somebody as his guardian over his
Ni lazima ateue mtu fulani kama mlezi wake
immature sons and entrust a trustworthy person with
wana wachanga na umkabidhi mtu mwaminifu
managing the affairs of his children and family members. Of
kusimamia mambo ya watoto wake na wanafamilia. Ya
course, this step, as well as all other steps, must be
bila shaka, hatua hii, pamoja na hatua nyingine zote, lazima iwe
preceded by putting full trust in Almighty Allah.
kabla ya kuweka imani kamili kwa Mwenyezi Mungu.
The next step is that he must prepare his shroud (i.e. grave-
Hatua inayofuata ni kwamba lazima aandae sanda yake (yaani kaburi-
clothes), in case that he has not already prepared it, and to
nguo), ikiwa bado hajaitayarisha, na kwa
order that the supplicatory prayers and holy verses, which are
kuamuru kwamba sala za dua na aya tukufu, ambazo ni
too many to be mentioned in this thesis, must be written on
nyingi mno za kutajwa katika tasnifu hii, lazima ziandikwe
his shroud with a liquid made of a mixture of water and soil
sanda yake na kimiminika kilichotengenezwa kwa mchanganyiko wa maji na udongo
taken from Imam al-Husayn's holy tomb. However, a true
iliyochukuliwa kutoka kwenye kaburi tukufu la Imam al-Husayn. Walakini, kweli
believer must always have his shroud prepared. In this
mwamini lazima kila wakati awe ametayarisha sanda yake. Katika hili
regard, Imam al-Sadiq ('a) is reported to have said,
Imepokewa kwamba Imam al-Sadiq (a.s.) alisema:
"Whoever
"Yeyote
has his shroud kept in his house, will not be registered with
sanda yake imehifadhiwa ndani ya nyumba yake, haitaandikishwa
the inadvertent ones and will be granted a reward whenever
wasiojua na watapewa ujira wakati wowote
he looks at it.'
anaitazama.'
One who is near death must no longer think of the future of
Mtu ambaye yuko karibu na kifo lazima asifikirie tena juu ya wakati ujao
his family members, sons, and property; rather, he must think
washiriki wa familia yake, wana, na mali; badala yake, lazima afikiri
of nothing except the All-holy God and must understand that
chochote isipokuwa Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu na ni lazima kuelewa hilo
such transient matters will not help or save him neither in
mambo hayo ya muda mfupi hayatamsaidia wala kumuokoa
this world nor in the other world, and nothing will help except
hapa duniani wala katika ulimwengu mwingine, na hakuna kitakachosaidia ila
the kindness and mercy of Almighty Allah. Hence, if one puts
wema na rehema za Mwenyezi Mungu Mtukufu. Kwa hivyo, ikiwa mtu ataweka
his full trust in Almighty Allah, the affairs of his household
kumtegemea kabisa Mwenyezi Mungu, mambo ya nyumba yake
will certainly go well. It must be also known for sure that no
hakika itaenda vizuri. Ni lazima pia kujulikana kwa uhakika kwamba hakuna
one, be he alive or dead, can provide any help or fend off any
mtu, awe hai au amekufa, anaweza kutoa msaada wowote au kujikinga na yeyote
harm unless Almighty Allah wills so, since He, Who has
madhara isipokuwa atake Mwenyezi Mungu, kwa vile Yeye aliye nayo
created the beings, is more compassionate to His creatures
Aliyeumba viumbe, ana huruma zaidi kwa viumbe Wake
than anyone else. As a result, one who is near death must be
kuliko mtu mwingine yeyote. Kama matokeo, mtu ambaye yuko karibu na kifo lazima awe
full of hope for the mercy of his Lord and must entertain
aliyejaa matumaini kwa rehema za Mola wake Mlezi na lazima aburudishe
expectation of the intercession of the Holy Prophet (s) and
matarajio ya uombezi wa Mtukufu Mtume (s) na
the Holy Imams ('a) and wait for their coming at the hour of
Maimam watukufu (a.s.) na wangojee kuja kwao saa ya
death. In fact, it must be known that they all come at the last
kifo. Kwa kweli, ni lazima ijulikane kwamba wote wanakuja mwisho
hour of death to convey good tidings to their loyalists and to
saa ya kufa ili kufikisha habari njema kwa waaminifu wao na kwa
ask the Angel of Death to be lenient to the dead who has
mwambie Malaika wa Mauti awahurumie wafu walio nao
been faithful to them.
kuwa mwaminifu kwao.
In Misbah al-Mutahajjid, Shaykh al-Tusi says that it is
Katika Misbah al-Mutahajjid, Shaykh al-Tusi anasema ni hivyo
recommended to pay much attention to the last will, which
ilipendekeza kulipa kipaumbele sana kwa mapenzi ya mwisho, ambayo
must not be belittled by every human being. In this respect, it
haipaswi kudharauliwa na kila mwanadamu. Katika suala hili, ni
is reported that one must not spend a single night without
imeripotiwa kwamba mtu asilale usiku mmoja bila
having his will placed under his head. This advice becomes
akiweka mapenzi yake chini ya kichwa chake. Ushauri huu unakuwa
more emphatic in cases of ailments. Hence, one must write
kusisitiza zaidi katika kesi za magonjwa. Kwa hivyo, mtu lazima aandike
down his will as excellently as possible and must absolve
punguza mapenzi yake kwa ukamilifu iwezekanavyo na lazima yaondolewe
himself from the liabilities and responsibilities towards
mwenyewe kutokana na dhima na wajibu kuelekea
Almighty Allah and towards His servants.
Mwenyezi Mungu na waja wake.
